Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a group of behavioural symptoms that include:
Symptoms of ADHD tend to be noticed at an early age. They may become more noticeable when a child’s circumstances change, like when they start school.
The main symptoms of ADHD in children and teenagers are:
The main signs of inattentiveness are:
The main signs of hyperactivity and impulsiveness are:
If you’re an adult with ADHD, you may find that:
Some people with ADHD have problems with inattentiveness, but not with hyperactivity or impulsiveness. This form of ADHD is also known as attention deficit disorder (ADD). ADD can sometimes go unnoticed because the symptoms may be less obvious.
Some people might have other conditions alongside ADHD.
The exact cause of ADHD isn’t fully understood.
A combination of the following factors might be responsible:
ADHD tends to run in families. The genes you you inherit from your parents are a factor in developing the condition. The way ADHD is inherited is complex and isn’t thought to be related to a single gene.
Research has identified some possible differences in the brains of people with ADHD.
Some studies involving brain scans have suggested that certain areas of the brain may be a different size in people with ADHD.
Other studies have suggested that people with ADHD may have a chemical imbalance in the brain. Or that some chemicals may not work properly.
Certain people are also believed to be more at risk of ADHD, including people:
Speak to your GP if you think that you or your child may have ADHD.
If you’re worried about your child, it may help to speak to their teachers before seeing your GP. This means you can find out if they have any concerns about your child’s behaviour.
Your GP can’t formally diagnose ADHD. They can discuss your concerns with you and refer you for a specialist assessment, if necessary.
Treatment for ADHD can help relieve the symptoms.
ADHD can be treated using medication or therapy. A combination of both is often best. Treatment is usually arranged by a specialist, like a paediatrician or psychiatrist.
Treatment of ADHD might include:
Medication might help you or your child concentrate better, be less impulsive and feel calmer.
You might be offered therapy. This might be:
There are other treatments that involve altering your diet or taking supplements.
Last updated:
03 May 2023