Some people are born without a spleen, or their spleen doesn’t work properly. Some people have their spleen removed (splenectomy).
People without a fully working spleen are at increased risk of some life-threatening infections.
The spleen helps to protect the body against infections caused by bacteria. If you don’t have a spleen you’ll still be able to cope with most infections but, in some cases, serious infection may develop quickly. The risk of this happening is higher in children than in adults, though still very small. Let your child’s school know if they’re affected.
More about spleen problems and spleen removal
Make sure you’ve had all of your routine immunisations. People without a fully working spleen should also have the following extra immunisations when offered:
The flu vaccine helps reduce your risk of developing complications if you do catch flu. Speak to your GP, practice nurse or health visitor so they can check what you need.
When travelling you’re at increased risk of getting certain infections or becoming more unwell if you get them, including malaria and diseases that you can catch from ticks or animal bites.
People without a working spleen are at risk of overwhelming infections including:
If you’re going abroad:
Find contact details of local vaccination services.
Read more information on health risks while travelling abroad.
Make sure you complete the alert card and carry it with you at all times. Always make paramedics and other health professionals aware of your (or your child’s) condition in case of illness.
Read Public Health Scotland’s guide for people without a working spleen
If you need the leaflet in an alternative format such as easy read, large print, braille, or in other languages, please contact Public Health Scotland publications at
phs.otherformats@phs.scot
Last updated:
29 May 2023